Compare Ecuador (2005) - New Zealand (2002)

Compare Ecuador (2005) z New Zealand (2002)

	Ecuador (2005)	New Zealand (2002)

Administrative divisions	22 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Azuay, Bolivar, Canar, Carchi, Chimborazo, Cotopaxi, El Oro, Esmeraldas, Galapagos, Guayas, Imbabura, Loja, Los Rios, Manabi, Morona-Santiago, Napo, Orellana, Pastaza, Pichincha, Sucumbios, Tungurahua, Zamora-Chinchipe	16 regions; Auckland, Bay of Plenty, Canterbury, Gisborne, Hawke's Bay, Marlborough, Nelson, Northland, Otago, Southland, Taranaki, Tasman, Waikato, Manawatu-Wanganui, Wellington, West Coast
Age structure	0-14 years: 33.5% (male 2,282,252/female 2,195,942) 15-64 years: 61.5% (male 4,094,146/female 4,130,096) 65 years and over: 4.9% (male 310,336/female 350,821) (2005 est.)	0-14 years: 22.2% (male 443,921; female 422,804) 15-64 years: 66.3% (male 1,299,973; female 1,290,097) 65 years and over: 11.5% (male 196,640; female 254,602) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products	bananas, coffee, cocoa, rice, potatoes, manioc (tapioca), plantains, sugarcane; cattle, sheep, pigs, beef, pork, dairy products; balsa wood; fish, shrimp	wheat, barley, potatoes, pulses, fruits, vegetables; wool, beef, dairy products; fish
Airports	205 (2004 est.)	106 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 62 over 3,047 m: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 4 1,524 to 2,437 m: 18 914 to 1,523 m: 19 under 914 m: 18 (2004 est.)	total: 46 over 3,047 m: 2 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 10 914 to 1,523 m: 28 under 914 m: 5 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 143 914 to 1,523 m: 30 under 914 m: 113 (2004 est.)	total: 67 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 26 under 914 m: 39 (2002)
Area	total: 283,560 sq km land: 276,840 sq km water: 6,720 sq km note: includes Galapagos Islands	total: 268,680 sq km land: NA sq km water: NA sq km note: includes Antipodes Islands, Auckland Islands, Bounty Islands, Campbell Island, Chatham Islands, and Kermadec Islands
Area - comparative	slightly smaller than Nevada	about the size of Colorado
Background	The "Republic of the Equator" was one of three countries that emerged from the collapse of Gran Colombia in 1830 (the others are Colombia and Venezuela). Between 1904 and 1942, Ecuador lost territories in a series of conflicts with its neighbors. A border war with Peru that flared in 1995 was resolved in 1999. Although Ecuador marked 25 years of civilian governance in 2004, the period has been marred by political instability. Seven presidents have governed Ecuador since 1996.	The Polynesian Maoris reached New Zealand in about the 800 AD. The British proclaimed their sovereignty over the islands in 1840 and began settlement that same year. A series of land wars between 1843 and 1872 ended with the defeat of the native peoples. The British colony of New Zealand became an independent dominion in 1907 and supported the UK militarily in both World Wars. New Zealand's full participation in number of defense alliances lapsed by the 1980s. In recent years the government has sought to address longstanding Maori grievances.
Birth rate	22.67 births/1,000 population (2005 est.)	14.23 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget	revenues: $7.9 billion expenditures: planned $7.3 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.6 billion (2004 est.)	revenues: $16.7 billion expenditures: $16.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY00/01)
Capital	Quito	Wellington
Climate	tropical along coast, becoming cooler inland at higher elevations; tropical in Amazonian jungle lowlands	temperate with sharp regional contrasts
Coastline	2,237 km	15,134 km
Constitution	10 August 1998	consists of a series of legal documents, including certain acts of the UK and New Zealand Parliaments and The Constitution Act 1986 which is the principal formal charter
Country name	conventional long form: Republic of Ecuador conventional short form: Ecuador local long form: Republica del Ecuador local short form: Ecuador	conventional long form: none conventional short form: New Zealand abbreviation: NZ
Currency	-	New Zealand dollar (NZD)
Death rate	4.24 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.)	7.55 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external	$16.81 billion (2004 est.)	$31.1 billion (2001 est.)
Dependent areas	-	Cook Islands, Niue, Tokelau
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Kristie Anne KENNEY embassy: Avenida 12 de Octubre y Avenida Patria, Quito mailing address: APO AA 34039 telephone: [593] (2) 256-2890 FAX: [593] (2) 250-2052 consulate(s) general: Guayaquil	chief of mission: Ambassador Charles J. SWINDELLS embassy: 29 Fitzherbert Terrace, Thorndon, Wellington mailing address: P. O. Box 1190, Wellington; PSC 467, Box 1, FPO AP 96531-1001 telephone: [64] (4) 462-6000 FAX: [64] (4) 478-1701 consulate(s) general: Auckland
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant) chancery: 2535 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009 telephone: [1] (202) 234-7200 FAX: [1] (202) 667-3482 consulate(s) general: Chicago, Houston, Jersey City (New Jersey), Los Angeles, Miami, New Orleans, New York, and San Francisco	chief of mission: Ambassador L. John WOOD chancery: 37 Observatory Circle NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 328-4800 FAX: [1] (202) 667-5227 consulate(s) general: Los Angeles, New York
Disputes - international	organized illegal narcotics operations in Colombia penetrate across Ecuador's shared border and caused over 20,000 refugees to flee into Ecuador in 2004	territorial claim in Antarctica (Ross Dependency)
Economic aid - donor	-	ODA, $99.7 million (FY00/01)
Economic aid - recipient	$216 million (2002)	-
Economy - overview	Ecuador has substantial petroleum resources, which have accounted for 40% of the country's export earnings and one-fourth of central government budget revenues in recent years. Consequently, fluctuations in world market prices can have a substantial domestic impact. In the late 1990s, Ecuador suffered its worst economic crisis, with natural disasters and sharp declines in world petroleum prices driving Ecuador's economy into free fall in 1999. Real GDP contracted by more than 6%, with poverty worsening significantly. The banking system also collapsed, and Ecuador defaulted on its external debt later that year. The currency depreciated by some 70% in 1999, and, on the brink of hyperinflation, the MAHAUD government announced it would dollarize the economy. A coup, however, ousted MAHAUD from office in January 2000, and after a short-lived junta failed to garner military support, Vice President Gustavo NOBOA took over the presidency. In March 2000, Congress approved a series of structural reforms that also provided the framework for the adoption of the US dollar as legal tender. Dollarization stabilized the economy, and growth returned to its pre-crisis levels in the years that followed. Under the administration of Lucio GUTIERREZ - January 2003 to April 2005 - Ecuador benefited from higher world petroleum prices, but the government has made little progress on economic reforms necessary to reduce Ecuador's vulnerability to petroleum price swings and financial crises.	Since 1984 the government has accomplished major economic restructuring, transforming New Zealand from an agrarian economy dependent on concessionary British market access to a more industrialized, free market economy that can compete globally. This dynamic growth has boosted real incomes (but left behind many at the bottom of the ladder), broadened and deepened the technological capabilities of the industrial sector, and contained inflationary pressures. While per capita incomes have been rising, however, they remain below the level of the four largest EU economies, and there is some government concern that New Zealand is not closing the gap. New Zealand is heavily dependent on trade - particularly in agricultural products - to drive growth, and it has been affected by the global economic slowdown and the slump in commodity prices. Thus far the New Zealand economy has been relatively resilient, achieving about 3% growth in 2001, but the New Zealand business cycle tends to lag the US cycle by about six months, so the worst of the downturn may not hit until mid-2002.
Electricity - consumption	10.79 billion kWh (2002)	33.315 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports	0 kWh (2002)	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports	57 million kWh (2002)	0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - production	11.54 billion kWh (2002)	35.823 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source	-	fossil fuel: 27% hydro: 66% nuclear: 0% other: 7% (2000)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Chimborazo 6,267 m	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Mount Cook 3,764 m
Environment - current issues	deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; water pollution; pollution from oil production wastes in ecologically sensitive areas of the Amazon Basin and Galapagos Islands	deforestation; soil erosion; native flora and fauna hard-hit by species introduced from outside
Environment - international agreements	party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements	party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but not ratified: Antarctic Seals, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Marine Life Conservation
Ethnic groups	mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 65%, Amerindian 25%, Spanish and others 7%, black 3%	New Zealand European 74.5%, Maori 9.7%, other European 4.6%, Pacific Islander 3.8%, Asian and others 7.4%
Exchange rates	25,000 (2004), 25,000 (2003), 25,000 (2002), 25,000 (2001), 24,988 (2000)	New Zealand dollars per US dollar - 2.3535 (January 2002), 2.3776 (2001), 2.1863 (2000), 1.8886 (1999), 1.8632 (1998), 1.5083 (1997)
Executive branch	chief of state: President Alfredo PALACIO (since 20 April 2005); Vice President Nicanor Alejandro SERRANO Aguilar (since 5 May 2005); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government; former President Lucio GUTIERREZ was removed from office by congress effective 20 April 2005 head of government: President Alfredo PALACIO (since 20 April 2005); Vice President Nicanor Alejandro SERRANO Aguilar (since 5 May 2005); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president elections: the president and vice president are elected on the same ticket by popular vote for a four-year term (no immediate reelection); election last held 20 October 2002; runoff election held 24 November 2002 (next to be held October 2006) election results: results of the 24 November 2002 runoff election - Lucio GUTIERREZ elected president; percent of vote - Lucio GUTIERREZ 54.3%; Alvaro NOBOA 45.7%; note - Vice President Alfredo PALACIO assumed the presidency on 20 April 2005 after congress removed Lucio GUTIERREZ from office	chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor General Dame Silvia CARTWRIGHT (since 4 April 2001) head of government: Prime Minister Helen CLARK (since 10 December 1999) and Deputy Prime Minister Michael CULLEN (since NA September 2002) cabinet: Executive Council appointed by the governor general on the recommendation of the prime minister elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; governor general appointed by the monarch; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or the leader of a majority coalition is usually appointed prime minister by the governor general; deputy prime minister appointed by the governor general
Exports	387,000 bbl/day (2004 est.)	$14.2 billion (2001 est.)
Exports - commodities	petroleum, bananas, cut flowers, shrimp	dairy products, meat, wood and wood products, fish, machinery
Exports - partners	US 42.9%, Panama 14.3%, Peru 7.9%, Italy 4.6% (2004)	Australia 20.4%, US 14.5%, Japan 13.5%, UK 5.4%, South Korea, China (2000)
Fiscal year	calendar year	1 July - 30 June
Flag description	three horizontal bands of yellow (top, double width), blue, and red with the coat of arms superimposed at the center of the flag; similar to the flag of Colombia, which is shorter and does not bear a coat of arms	blue with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant with four red five-pointed stars edged in white centered in the outer half of the flag; the stars represent the Southern Cross constellation
GDP	-	purchasing power parity - $75.4 billion (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 8.7% industry: 30.5% services: 60.9% (2004 est.)	agriculture: 8% industry: 23% services: 69% (1999)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $3,700 (2004 est.)	purchasing power parity - $19,500 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	5.8% (2004 est.)	3.1% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates	2 00 S, 77 30 W	41 00 S, 174 00 E
Geography - note	Cotopaxi in Andes is highest active volcano in world	about 80% of the population lives in cities; Wellington is the southernmost national capital in the world
Heliports	1 (2004 est.)	1 (2002)
Highways	total: 43,197 km paved: 8,164 km unpaved: 35,033 km (2002)	total: 92,200 km paved: 53,568 km (including at least 144 km of expressways) unpaved: 38,632 km (1996)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: 2% highest 10%: 32% note: data for urban households only (October 2003)	lowest 10%: 0% highest 10%: 30% (1991 est.)
Illicit drugs	significant transit country for cocaine originating in Colombia and Peru; importer of precursor chemicals used in production of illicit narcotics; attractive location for cash-placement by drug traffickers laundering money because of dollarization and weak anti-money-laundering regime, especially vulnerable along the border with Colombia; increased activity on the northern frontier by trafficking groups and Colombian insurgents	-
Imports	NA	$12.5 billion (2001 est.)
Imports - commodities	vehicles, medicinal products, telecommunications equipment, electricity	machinery and equipment, vehicles and aircraft, petroleum, electronics, textiles, plastics
Imports - partners	US 16.5%, Colombia 14.1%, China 9.2%, Venezuela 7.1%, Brazil 6.5%, Chile 4.6%, Japan 4.5%, Mexico 4.3% (2004)	Australia 22.5%, US 17.5%, Japan 11%, UK 4%, China, Germany (2000)
Independence	24 May 1822 (from Spain)	26 September 1907 (from UK)
Industrial production growth rate	10% (2004 est.)	3% (2001 est.)
Industries	petroleum, food processing, textiles, wood products, chemicals	food processing, wood and paper products, textiles, machinery, transportation equipment, banking and insurance, tourism, mining
Infant mortality rate	total: 23.66 deaths/1,000 live births male: 28.36 deaths/1,000 live births female: 18.72 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)	6.18 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	2% (2004 est.)	2.6% (2001 est.)
International organization participation	CAN, CSN, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur (associate), MIGA, MINUSTAH, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNOCI, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO	ABEDA, ANZUS (US suspended security obligations to NZ on 11 August 1986), APEC, ARF (dialogue partner), AsDB, ASEAN (dialogue partner), Australia Group, C, CCC, CP, EBRD, ESCAP, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, NAM (guest), NSG, OECD, OPCW, PCA, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMOP, UNTAET, UNTSO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	-	36 (2000)
Irrigated land	8,650 sq km (1998 est.)	2,850 sq km (1998 est.)
Judicial branch	Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (according to the Constitution, new justices are elected by the full Supreme Court; in December 2004, however, Congress successfully replaced the entire court via a simple-majority resolution)	High Court; Court of Appeal
Labor force	4.53 million (urban) (2004 est.)	1.92 million (2001 est.)
Labor force - by occupation	agriculture 8%, industry 24%, services 68% (2001)	services 65%, industry 25%, agriculture 10% (1995) (1995)
Land boundaries	total: 2,010 km border countries: Colombia 590 km, Peru 1,420 km	0 km
Land use	arable land: 5.85% permanent crops: 4.93% other: 89.22% (2001)	arable land: 5.8% permanent crops: 6.44% other: 87.76% (1998 est.)
Languages	Spanish (official), Amerindian languages (especially Quechua)	English (official), Maori (official)
Legal system	based on civil law system; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction	based on English law, with special land legislation and land courts for Maoris; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Legislative branch	unicameral National Congress or Congreso Nacional (100 seats; members are popularly elected by province to serve four-year terms) elections: last held 20 October 2002 (next to be held October 2006) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - PSC 25, PRE 15, ID 16, PRIAN 10, PSP 9, Pachakutik Movement 6, MPD 5, DP 4, PS-FA 3, independents 7; note - defections by members of National Congress are commonplace, resulting in frequent changes in the numbers of seats held by the various parties	unicameral House of Representatives - commonly called Parliament (120 seats; members elected by popular vote in single-member constituencies to serve three-year terms) elections: last held 27 July 2002 (next to be held NA 2005) election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NZLP 52, NP 27, NZFP 13, ACT New Zealand 9, Green Party 9, UF 8, other 2
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 76.21 years male: 73.35 years female: 79.22 years (2005 est.)	total population: 78.15 years male: 75.17 years female: 81.27 years (2002 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 92.5% male: 94% female: 91% (2003 est.)	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 99% (1980 est.) male: NA% female: NA%
Location	Western South America, bordering the Pacific Ocean at the Equator, between Colombia and Peru	Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, southeast of Australia
Map references	South America	Oceania
Maritime claims	territorial sea: 200 nm continental shelf: 100 nm from 2,500 meter isobath	continental shelf: 200 NM or to the edge of the continental margin exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine	total: 31 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 241,403 GRT/391,898 DWT by type: chemical tanker 2, liquefied gas 1, passenger 8, petroleum tanker 20 foreign-owned: 3 (Germany 1, Greece 1, Paraguay 1) (2005)	total: 8 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 68,427 GRT/106,627 DWT ships by type: bulk 3, cargo 1, container 1, petroleum tanker 2, roll on/roll off 1 note: includes a foreign-owned ship registered here as a flag of convenience: Australia 1 (2002 est.)
Military branches	Army, Navy (includes Naval Infantry, Naval Aviation, Coast Guard), Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Ecuatoriana, FAE)	New Zealand Army, Royal New Zealand Navy, Royal New Zealand Air Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure	$655 million (2004)	$515.6 million (2002 est.)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP	2.2% (2004)	1.2% (FY2001/02)
Military manpower - availability	-	males age 15-49: 1,010,316 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	-	males age 15-49: 850,185 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - military age	-	20 years of age (2002 est.)
Military manpower - reaching military age annually	-	males: 26,480 (2002 est.)
National holiday	Independence Day (independence of Quito), 10 August (1809)	Waitangi Day (Treaty of Waitangi established British sovereignty over New Zealand), 6 February (1840)
Nationality	noun: Ecuadorian(s) adjective: Ecuadorian	noun: New Zealander(s) adjective: New Zealand
Natural hazards	frequent earthquakes, landslides, volcanic activity; floods; periodic droughts	earthquakes are common, though usually not severe; volcanic activity
Natural resources	petroleum, fish, timber, hydropower	natural gas, iron ore, sand, coal, timber, hydropower, gold, limestone
Net migration rate	-6.07 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.)	4.48 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Pipelines	extra heavy crude 578 km; gas 71 km; oil 1,386 km; refined products 1,185 km (2004)	petroleum products 160 km; natural gas 1,000 km; liquefied petroleum gas or LPG 150 km
Political parties and leaders	Concentration of Popular Forces or CFP [Averroes BUCARAM]; Democratic Left or ID [Guillermo LANDAZURI]; National Action Institutional Renewal Party or PRIAN [Alvaro NOBOA]; Pachakutik Movement [Gilberto TALAHUA]; Patriotic Society Party or PSP [Lucio GUTIERREZ Borbua]; Popular Democracy or DP [Dr. Juan Manuel FUERTES]; Popular Democratic Movement or MPD [Gustavo TERAN Acosta]; Radical Alfarista Front or FRA [Fabian ALARCON, director]; Roldosist Party or PRE [Abdala BUCARAM Ortiz, director]; Social Christian Party or PSC [Leon FEBRES CORDERO]; Socialist Party - Broad Front or PS-FA [Victor GRANDA]	ACT New Zealand [Richard PREBBLE]; Alliance (a coalition of the New Labor Party, Democratic Party, New Zealand Liberal Party, and Mana Motuhake) [James (Jim) ANDERTON]; Green Party [Jeanette FITZSIMONS and Rod DONALD]; National Party or NP [William (Bill) English]; New Zealand First Party or NZFP [Winston PETERS]; New Zealand Labor Party or NZLP [Helen CLARK]; United Future or UF [leader NA]; United New Zealand or UNZ [Peter DUNNE]
Political pressure groups and leaders	Confederation of Indigenous Nationalities of Ecuador or CONAIE [Luis MACAS, president]; Coordinator of Social Movements or CMS [F. Napoleon SANTOS]; Federation of Indigenous Evangelists of Ecuador or FEINE [Marco MURILLO, president]; National Federation of Indigenous Afro-Ecuatorianos and Peasants or FENOCIN [Pedro DE LA CRUZ, president]; Popular Front or FP [Luis VILLACIS]	NA
Population	13,363,593 (July 2005 est.)	3,908,037 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line	45% (2001 est.)	NA%
Population growth rate	1.24% (2005 est.)	1.12% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors	Esmeraldas, Guayaquil, La Libertad, Manta, Puerto Bolivar	Auckland, Christchurch, Dunedin, Tauranga, Wellington
Radio broadcast stations	AM 392, FM 35, shortwave 29 (2001)	AM 124, FM 290, shortwave 4 (1998)
Radios	-	3.75 million (1997)
Railways	total: 966 km narrow gauge: 966 km 1.067-m gauge (2004)	total: 3,908 km narrow gauge: 3,908 km 1.067-m gauge (506 km electrified) (2001)
Religions	Roman Catholic 95%, other 5%	Anglican 24%, Presbyterian 18%, Roman Catholic 15%, Methodist 5%, Baptist 2%, other Protestant 3%, unspecified or none 33% (1986)
Sex ratio	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.88 male(s)/female total population: 1 male(s)/female (2005 est.)	at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal, compulsory for literate persons ages 18-65, optional for other eligible voters	18 years of age; universal
Telephone system	general assessment: generally elementary but being expanded domestic: facilities generally inadequate and unreliable international: country code - 593; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)	general assessment: excellent domestic and international systems domestic: NA international: submarine cables to Australia and Fiji; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	1.549 million (2003)	1.92 million (2000)
Telephones - mobile cellular	2,394,400 (2003)	2.2 million (2000)
Television broadcast stations	7 (plus 14 repeaters) (2001)	41 (plus 52 medium-power repeaters and over 650 low-power repeaters) (1997)
Terrain	coastal plain (costa), inter-Andean central highlands (sierra), and flat to rolling eastern jungle (oriente)	predominately mountainous with some large coastal plains
Total fertility rate	2.72 children born/woman (2005 est.)	1.8 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate	11.1%; note - underemployment of 47% (2004 est.)	5.5% (2001 est.)
Waterways	1,500 km (most inaccessible) (2003)	1,609 km note: of little importance in satisfying total transportation requirements

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